US Navy
Marine Species Monitoring
Pacific Region: Current Projects
Pacific Monitoring Projects
The table below summarizes current marine species monitoring projects being conducted in the Pacific Ocean in support of Gulf of Alaska Navy Training Activities (GOA), Hawaii-Southern California Training & Testing (HSTT), Marianas Training and Testing (MITT), and Northwest Training and Testing (NWTT) Marine Mammal Protection Act requirements (50 CFR Part 218). Reports and data from these projects will be made available on the individual project profile pages and the Reading Room as they become available.
| Project Description | Intermediate Scientific Objective* | Status |
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Title: Offshore Distribution of Southern Resident Killer Whales in the Pacific Northwest
Location: Washington (Northwest Training Range Complex, Naval Undersea Warfare Center Keyport Range Complex) Objectives: 1) Identify and classify Southern Resident killer whale (SRKW) detections from acoustic recorders and satellite tag tracking; 2) Develop a model to estimate the seasonal and annual occurrence patterns of southern resident killer whales relative to offshore Navy training ranges. 3) Characterize occurrence of anthropogenic sounds in potential SRKW habitat. 4) Develop state space habitat model for SRKW prey, based on fall Chinook salmon tagged released from California to British Columbia between 1977 and 1990 to estimate seasonal distribution along the west coast. Methods: Passive acoustic monitoring, model development, visual survey, satellite tagging, analysis of archived data Performing Organizations: NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center Timeline: 2014-2021 Funding: FY14 $439K; FY15 $426K; FY16 $369K; FY17 $247K; FY21 planned |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas |
Continuing |
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Title: Effectiveness of Navy Lookout Teams in Detecting Cetaceans
Location: AFTT and HSTT study areas Objectives: Obtain data to characterize the potential exposure of marine mammals and ESA-listed marine species to Navy training and testing activities, evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures Methods: visual survey Performing Organizations: U.S. Navy, HDR, Inc., University of St. Andrews Timeline: 2010-2022 Funding: $500k |
Evaluate potential exposure of marine mammals and ESA-listed species to Navy training and testing activities Evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures |
Completed 2022 |
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Title: Long Term Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals Utilizing the Instrumented Range at Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF)
Location: Hawaii Objectives: Improve understanding of the long term trends in occurrence of marine mammals (e.g., minke, humpback, fin, Bryde's, Blainville's) on the PMRF range. Examine what, if any, acoustic and physical behavioral responses occur to Navy activities. Methods: Passive acoustic monitoring and analysis of archived PMRF hydrophone recordings Performing Organizations: Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific (formerly SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific) Timeline: 2015-present Funding: |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Evaluate potential exposure of marine mammals and ESA-listed species to Navy training and testing activities Establish the regional baseline vocalization behavior, including seasonality and acoustic characteristics) of marine mammals where Navy training and testing activities occur Application of passive acoustic tools and techniques for detecting, classifying, locating, and tracking marine mammals Evaluate trends in distribution and abundance for populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species that are regularly exposed to Navy training and testing activities |
Continuing |
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Title: Marine Mammal Sightings During CalCOFI Cruises
Location: Southern California Objectives: Determine what species and populations of marine mammals are present in Southern California and estimate the abundance and density across seasons Methods: Visual survey, PAM Performing Organizations: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Timeline: 2011-present Funding: $100,000-$130,000/year |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur |
Continuing |
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Title: Blue and Fin Whale Satellite Tagging
Location: Southern California Objectives: Determine the movement patterns, occurrence, and residence times of blue whales and fin whales within U.S. Navy training and testing areas as well as Biologically Important Areas along the U.S. West Coast Methods: Long-term satellite tracking, biopsy sampling, photo-identification Performing Organizations: Oregon State University Timeline: 2014-2018 Funding: |
Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas |
Completed |
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Title: Guadalupe Fur Seal Satellite Tracking
Location: Baja, Mexico, US West Coast Objectives: Determine the at-sea distribution of endangered Guadalupe fur seals and whether they travel through or utilize the offshore waters of the Southern California Range Complex and Northwest Training and Testing area Methods: Tagging, visual survey Performing Organizations: The Marine Mammal Center Timeline: 2018-2021 Funding: FY18 $102k; FY19 $377k |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur Establish the baseline behavioral patterns (foraging, diving, etc.) of marine mammals where Navy training and testing activities occur |
Completed |
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Title: Pacific Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (PACMAPPS) survey
Location: Gulf of Alaska, Mariana Island archipelago, Hawaiian Islands archipelago, California-Oregon-Washington Objectives: Identify species of beaked whales, odontocetes, and baleen whales that occur in the surveyed areas; Monitor marine mammal and sea turtle presence, distribution, and diversity in offshore waters; Develop a better understanding of marine mammal distribution, movement patterns, habitat use, population structure, and abundance; Develop reference library of visually-validated acoustic recordings of marine mammals. Methods: Visual surveys, photo-identification, biopsy and genetic analysis, satellite tagging, opportunistic acoustic recording during sightings Performing Organizations: National Marine Fisheries Service Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center Timeline: 2017-present Funding: FY17 $183k; FY18 $164k+$265k+$200k; FY21 $533k+$300k; FY23 planned |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Determine what populations of marine mammals are exposed to Navy training and testing activities Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur Establish the regional baseline vocalization behavior, including seasonality and acoustic characteristics) of marine mammals where Navy training and testing activities occur Application of passive acoustic tools and techniques for detecting, classifying, locating, and tracking marine mammals |
Continuing |
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Title: Pacific Islands comprehensive stranding investigations
Location: Hawaii, Guam, CNMI Objectives: Conduct comprehensive investigations of stranded marine mammals throughout the Pacific Islands with emphasis on the Hawaiian and Mariana Island chains. This includes conducting necropsies of stranded animals, collecting and archiving samples, conducting disease screening, genetic testing, and analysis of historical data. The objective is to examine stranding patterns and causes of death for marine mammals in the Pacific Islands. Methods: necropsy, disease screening, genetic testing Performing Organizations: University of Hawaii Stranding Laboratory Timeline: 2018-present Funding: FY18 $118k, FY20 $324k; FY21 TBD |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur |
Continuing |
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Title: Satellite Tagging and Behavioral Monitoring of Male California Sea Lions in the Pacific Northwest to Assess Haul-out Behavior on Puget Sound Navy Facilities and Foraging Behavior in Marine Navy Testing and Training Areas
Location: Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor, Naval Base Kitsap-Bremerton, Naval Station Everett Objectives: To determine the abundance and habitat use of California sea lions that haul out at Navy facilities and forage in testing and training areas Methods: Satellite and depth tags Performing Organizations: Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Washington Department of Marine Fisheries Service Timeline: 2013-2016 Funding: FY13 $420k |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas. Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur. |
Completed |
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Title: Characterizing the Distribution of ESA-listed Salmonids in Washington and Alaska
Location: Washington and Alaska Objectives: To use acoustic tagging technology to provide critical information on spatial and temporal distribution of salmonids to inform salmon management, U.S. Navy activity, and Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) conservation. The study seeks to 1) determine the occurrence and timing of salmonids within the Navy training ranges, 2) describe the influence of environmental covariates on salmonid occurrence; and, 3) describe the occurrence of salmonids in relation to SRKW distribution. Methods: Acoustic telemetry (pinger tags) and Passive Acoustic Monitoring (Soundtraps, Slocum Glider) Performing Organizations: NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center Timeline: 2018-present Funding: FY18 $631K; FY19 $839K; FY20 $456K; FY21 $360K; FY22 $698K |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas. Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas. Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur. |
Continuing |
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Title: Telemetry and Genetic Identity of Chinook Salmon in Alaska
Location: Gulf of Alaska and Pacific Northwest Objectives: To use a combination of pop-up satellite technology and salmon genetics to provide critical information on Chinook salmon spatial and temporal distribution in the Gulf of Alaska and along the Washington coast to inform salmon management and U.S. Navy training activities. The study seeks to 1) determine the occurrence, timing, and specific run of Chinook salmon through genetics within the Navy training areas; 2) describe the influence of environmental covariates on Chinook salmon occurrence; and 3) improve the understanding of run-specific timing and geographical occurrence of Chinook salmon as the prey of Southern Resident killer whales in Washington. Methods: Pop-up satellite tagging (PSATs) Performing Organizations: University of Alaska Fairbanks. This project closely coordinates with Navy-funded studies conducted by biologists at the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center. Timeline: 2020-present Funding: FY20 $441K; FY21 $500K; FY22 $222k; FY23 planned |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas. Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas. Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur. |
Continuing |
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Title: North Pacific Humpback Whale Tagging
Location: Washington, Oregon, California, Hawaii, Alaska Objectives: Determine the occurrence, movement patterns, and residency patterns of multiple humpback whale Distinct Population Segments within Pacific Ocean Navy Range Complexes Methods: Long-term satellite tracking, biopsy sampling, photo-identification Performing Organizations: Oregon State University Timeline: 2016-2020 Funding: FY17 $484K; FY18 $140K; FY19 $686K |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas. |
Completed |
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Title: Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals in Southern California Range Complex (SOCAL)
Location: Southern California Objectives: Determine the distribution and temporal patterns of beaked whale occurrence in the waters within and outside the Southern California Range Complex (SOCAL). Use passive acoustic monitoring to determine what species are present in SOCAL and examine spatial and temporal patterns. Methods: PAM (bottom-mounted), PAM (towed array), PAM (drifting buoys), PAM (acoustic unmanned glider), visual survey Performing Organizations: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center (2018), HDR, Inc. Timeline: 2014-present Funding: $300,000 - $600,000/year |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas |
Continuing |
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Title: Cuvier's Beaked Whale and Fin Whale Population Dyanmics and Impact Assessment at the Southern California Offshore Antisubmarine Warfare Range (SOAR)
Location: Southern California Objectives: Improve knowledge of baseline population demographics, vital rates, and movement patterns of Cuvier’s beaked whales and fin whales. Examine what, if any, short term behavioral and/or vocal responses occur when exposed to sonar or explosions at different levels and conditions. Determine if exposure to sonar or explosives impact the long term fitness and survival of individuals or the population, species, or stock Methods: PAM, satellite tagging, photo-ID, visual survey Performing Organizations: Marine Ecology & Telemetry Research, Naval Undersea Warfare Center Newport Timeline: 2014-present Funding: |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas |
Continuing |
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Title: Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals in the Gulf of Alaska
Location: Gulf of Alaska Objectives: Determine the spatial distribution and occurrence of beaked whales, other odontocetes, and baleen whales in offshore areas using bottom-mounted passive acoustic recorders and deep-diving autonomous gliders Methods: Passive acoustic monitoring Performing Organizations: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Timeline: 2011-2019 Funding: FY11 $300K; FY12 $285K; FY13 $250K; FY15 $280K; FY17 $250K |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas |
Completed |
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Title: Estimation of Received Levels of MFAS and Behavioral Response of Marine Mammals at PMRF
Location: Hawaii Objectives: Further our understanding of the Monitoring Questions: 1) What is the occurrence and estimated received levels of MFAS on 'blackfish', humpback, minke, sperm and Blainville's beaked whales within the PMRF instrumented range? and 2) What, if any, are the short term behavioral responses of 'blackfish,' humpback, minke, sperm and Blainville's beaked whales when exposed to MFAS/explosions at different levels/conditions at PMRF? Methods: PAM, tagging, photo-ID, biopsy, visual survey Performing Organizations: Cascadia Research Collective, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific (formerly SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific), Southall Environmental Associates, and HDR, Inc. Timeline: 2013-present Funding: |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are exposed to U.S. Navy training and testing activities |
Continuing |
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Title: Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges
Location: Hawaii, Southern California Objectives: Improve understanding of the long term trends in occurrence of marine mammals on the PMRF and SOAR ranges. Methods: Passive acoustic monitoring of Navy ranges Performing Organizations: Naval Undersea Warfare Center Newport Timeline: 2016-present Funding: |
Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the regional baseline vocalization behavior, including seasonality and acoustic characteristics) of marine mammals where Navy training and testing activities occur Application of passive acoustic tools and techniques for detecting, classifying, locating, and tracking marine mammals Application of analytic methods to evaluate exposure and/or behavioral response of marine mammals to Navy training and testing activities Evaluate trends in distribution and abundance for populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species that are regularly exposed to Navy training and testing activities |
Continuing |
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Title: Acoustic Tagging of Green Sturgeon to Evaluate Habitat Use Along the Washington Coast
Location: Washington (Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay) Objectives: With acoustic telemetry, determine 1) the location of green sturgeon detections within Washington, 2) the season for specific habitat use (e.g., estuaries; coastal waters), 3) the frequency an animal moves between coastal and estuarine waters, and 4) the range of each tagged animal. Methods: Acoustic telemetry (pinger tagging) Performing Organizations: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Timeline: 2020-2022 Funding: FY20 $158k |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur |
Continuing Beginning 2020 |
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Title: Aerial Surveys of Marine Mammals Conducted in the Inland Puget Sound Waters of Washington, summer 2013 – winter 2016
Location: Northwest Training Range Complex, Naval Undersea Warfare Center Keyport Range Complex, Puget Sound Washington Objectives: 1) Conduct aerial surveys during four seasonal periods within the inland Puget Sound Survey Area to assess potential differences in seasonal distribution, numbers, and behavioral state patterns of marine mammals; 2) Collect data to estimate densities of marine mammals in the inland Puget Sound waters for species with sufficient sightings; 3) Estimate abundance for each marine mammal species seen an adequate number of times; 4) Document the distribution and habitat use of each species observed; 5) Document and describe behaviors seen without performing focal follows. Methods: Aerial visual survey Performing Organizations: Smultea Environmental Sciences Timeline: 2013-2017 Funding: |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas. Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur Establish the baseline behavioral patterns (foraging, diving, etc.) of marine mammals where Navy training and testing activities occur |
Completed |
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Title: Occurrence of Green Sturgeon in Inland Waters (historical tag analysis)
Location: Washington Objectives: Compile green sturgeon tag and receiver data and analyze historical data for occurrence, distribution, and seasonality in Puget Sound and the Straits of Juan de Fuca Methods: Analysis of archived acoustic telemetry (pinger tags) Performing Organizations: NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center Timeline: 2020-2021 Funding: FY20 $33k |
Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur |
Current begins 2020 |
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Title: Coral survey at Farallon de Medinilla
Location: Farallon de Medinilla (FDM) Objectives: Assess presence and status of ESA-listed corals at FDM Methods: Geo-referenced dive survey, visual survey Performing Organizations: Naval Facilities Engineering Command Expeditionary Warfare Center, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific formerly SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific Timeline: 2017, 2022 (every 5 years) Funding: FY17 $255K; FY21 $299K |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas |
Continuing Survey performed in 2017, next survey planned for 2021/22 |
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Title: Small vessel visual surveys in the Mariana Islands Range Complex
Location: Guam and southern CNMI (Tinian, Saipan, Rota, Aguijan) Objectives: Identify species of beaked whales, odontocetes, and baleen whales that occur in the Mariana Islands; Monitor marine mammal and sea turtle presence, distribution, and diversity in nearshore waters during key seasons (summer and winter); Develop a better understanding of marine mammal distribution, movement patterns, habitat use, population structure, and abundance; Develop reference library of visually-validated acoustic recordings of marine mammals. Methods: Visual surveys (nearshore small vessel winter and summer season), photo-identification (develop catalogs for multiple cetacean species), biopsy and genetic analysis, satellite tagging, opportunistic acoustic recording during sightings Performing Organizations: National Marine Fisheries Service Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Cetacean Research Program Timeline: 2010-2019 Funding: FY14 $458k; FY15 $495k; FY16 $489k; FY17 $352k; FY18 $307k |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Evaluate potential exposure of marine mammals and ESA-listed species to Navy training and testing activities Determine what populations of marine mammals are exposed to Navy training and testing activities Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur Establish the regional baseline vocalization behavior, including seasonality and acoustic characteristics) of marine mammals where Navy training and testing activities occur Application of passive acoustic tools and techniques for detecting, classifying, locating, and tracking marine mammals |
Completed |
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Title: Sea turtle tagging in the Mariana Islands Range Complex
Location: Guam, Tinian, Saipan Objectives: Develop a better understanding of sea turtle distribution and habitat use in the Mariana Islands, particularly in relation to locations used by the Navy for underwater detonation training Methods: Sea turtle satellite tagging, habitat use analysis of tag data, historical analysis Performing Organizations: National Marine Fisheries Service Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Marine Turtle Biology and Assessment Program Timeline: 2013-2022 Funding: FY13 $99K, FY14 $120K, FY15 $200K, FY16 $193K, FY17 $180K FY18 $218K |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas |
Continuing final field season in 2021, final reporting in 2022 |
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Title: Pilot survey for humpback whales at Farallon de Medinilla
Location: Farallon de Medinilla (FDM) Objectives: The goal of the visual surveys is to collect individually-identifying information from humpback whales present near and around Farallon de Medinilla (FDM) Methods: Visual survey, photo identification Performing Organizations: NAVFAC Pacific, HDR Inc., PIFSC NOAA Timeline: 2019-2020 Funding: FY19 $87.5k |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur Establish the baseline behavioral patterns (foraging, diving, etc.) of marine mammals where Navy training and testing activities occur |
Completed |
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Title: Pilot study for shore based humpback surveys in Saipan
Location: Saipan Objectives: Humpback whale nearshore distribution in nearshore Saipan waters Methods: Combined shore based surveys for humpbacks with rapid small boat responses to sightings for satellite tagging, biopsy and photo-identification Performing Organizations: National Marine Fisheries Service Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Cetacean Research Program Timeline: 2015 Funding: FY15 $67k |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Determine what populations of marine mammals are exposed to Navy training and testing activities Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur Establish the baseline vocalization behavior of marine mammals where Navy training and testing activities occur |
Completed |
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Title: Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Marine Mammals Using Gliders in Marianas
Location: Guam, CNMI Objectives: Identify acoustically distinct species of beaked whales, odontocetes, and baleen whales that occur in the Mariana Islands; develop a better understanding of marine mammal distribution, habitat use, and abundance Methods: Passive acoustic monitoring on underwater gliders Performing Organizations: HDR, Oregon State University, University of Washington Timeline: 2014-2016 Funding: FY13 $397k |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Establish the baseline habitat uses, seasonality, and movement patterns of marine mammals and ESA-listed species where Navy training and testing activities occur Establish the baseline vocalization behavior of marine mammals where Navy training and testing activities occur |
Completed |
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Title: Mariana Islands Sea Turtle and Cetacean Survey (MISTICS)
Location: Mariana Island Chain offshore Objectives: Determine what species of marine mammals and sea turtles are present and estimate abundance. Methods: visual survey, photo identification Performing Organizations: U.S. Navy NAVFAC Pacific, HDR Inc. Timeline: 2007 Funding: $4.5M |
Determine what species and populations of marine mammals and ESA-listed species are present in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas Estimate the distribution, abundance, and density of marine mammals and ESA-listed species in Navy range complexes, testing ranges, and in specific training and testing areas |
Completed |
