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Passive acoustic techniques are a proven tool for cetacean monitoring • Sounds travels further through water than light, such that most cetacean species use sound for foraging, communication, and navigation • Poor sea conditions reduce visual detection, but have less impact on acoustic detection • Autonomous systems provide for remote, long-term, mobile or stationary monitoring • Today there is wide-spread use and development of highly capable systems to monitor species distribution, movements, habitat, abundance, and the impacts of ocean noise.